Preheat to 350°F (175°C). Grease a 9" springform pan and lightly flour it, or line the bottom with parchment paper.
In large bowl whisk together 1 cup olive oil, 3 large eggs, and 1 1/2 cups granulated sugar until smooth. Then whisk in 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, zest from 3 lemons, and juice from 3 lemons.
In another bowl, whisk together 2 cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon salt, 1 teaspoon baking powder, and 1/2 teaspoon baking soda.
Add the dry ingredients into the wet mixture gradually, alternating with 1 cup whole milk, stirring gently after each addition. Mix just until combined—do not overmix.
Bake
Pour the batter into the prepared pan. Evenly sprinkle 2–3 tablespoons of granulated sugar over the top. Bake for 45–50 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out mostly clean.
Cool and finish
Let the cake cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then release the springform ring and transfer the cake to a wire rack to cool fully. Dust with powdered sugar before serving, if desired.